Inda akwai sauro, ana iya samun tsutsotsin zuciya
Zuciyar zuciyacuta ce mai tsanani cuta na gida reno dabbobi. Babban dabbobin da suka kamu da cutar su ne karnuka, kuliyoyi da kuma ferret. Lokacin da tsutsa ta girma, galibi tana rayuwa a cikin zuciya, huhu da jijiyoyin jini na dabbobi. Lokacin da tsutsa ya girma ya haifar da cututtuka, za a sami mummunar cutar huhu, raunin zuciya, rauni da mutuwar wasu gabobin.
Zuciyar zuciya wani bakon kwaro ne. Ba za a iya yada shi kai tsaye tsakanin karnuka, kuliyoyi da kuliyoyi, karnuka da kuliyoyi. Dole ne a watsa ta ta hanyar tsaka-tsaki. A Amurka, cutar tsutsar zuciya tana yaduwa a duk jihohi 50, amma ta fi ta'allaka ne a cikin Tekun Mexico, Kogin Mississippi da sauran wurare, saboda akwai sauro da yawa a wadannan wurare. Akwai masu kamuwa da cutar a dukkan sassan kasarmu, kuma yawan kamuwa da cutar a wasu yankunan ya zarce kashi 50%.
Karnuka su ne babban rundunonin tsutsotsin zuciya, wanda ke nufin cewa tsutsotsin zuciya da ke zaune a cikin karnuka ne kawai ke iya yin aure da haifar da zuriya. Musamman ma, mutane ba za su kamu da ciwon zuciya daga dabbobi ba. A lokuta da ba kasafai ba, mutane na iya kamuwa da tsutsar zuciya bayan cizon sauro da suka kamu da su. Duk da haka, saboda mutane ba su kasance masu masauki ba, tsutsa yawanci suna mutuwa kafin suyi hijira zuwa arteries na zuciya da huhu.
Girman ciwon zuciya a cikin karnuka
Adult heartworm yana zaune a cikin tsarin zuciya na karnuka. Manya mata suna haihuwar microfilariae, kuma qwai suna gudana zuwa sassa daban-daban tare da jini. Koyaya, waɗannan microfilariae ba za su iya ci gaba da haɓakawa ba, kuma suna buƙatar jira zuwan sauro. Lokacin da sauro ya ciji kare mai cutar, kuma yana kamuwa da microfilariae. A cikin kwanaki 10-14 na gaba, lokacin da yanayin yanayi da zafin jiki ya dace kuma ba a kashe sauro ba, microfilariae ya girma cikin tsutsa masu cututtuka kuma suna rayuwa a cikin sauro. Za a iya yada tsutsa masu kamuwa da cutar ga kare ne kawai ta hanyar cizon sauro har sai sauro ya sake cizon wani kare.
Yana ɗaukar watanni 6-7 kafin larvae masu kamuwa da cuta su haɓaka su zama tsofaffin tsutsotsin zuciya. Manya sun sake yin aure, kuma matan su sake sakin 'ya'yansu a cikin jinin kare don kammala dukan zagayowar. Rayuwar rayuwar manya masu ciwon zuciya a cikin karnuka kusan shekaru 5-7 ne. Maza suna da kimanin 10-15cm tsayi kuma mata suna da 25-30cm. A matsakaita, akwai kusan tsutsotsi 15 a cikin karnuka masu kamuwa da cuta, har zuwa 250. Yawan adadin tsutsotsi galibi ana yin hukunci da nauyin tsutsotsi. Ta hanyar kayan aiki don gwada jini, gwajin antigen zai iya gano daidai yawan adadin mata masu girma a cikin kare, kuma gwajin microfilaria zai iya tabbatar da cewa babu manya kawai amma har da tsutsa a cikin kare.
Akwai wasu ma'auni don duba ciwon zuciya a Amurka: duban farko na ciwon zuciya na iya farawa bayan kare yana da watanni 7; Masu mallakar dabbobi sun manta da lokaci na ƙarshe don hana ciwon zuciya; Karnuka suna canza magungunan rigakafin cututtukan zuciya da aka saba amfani da su; Kwanan nan, na ɗauki kare na zuwa wurin gama gari na ciwon zuciya; Ko kuma kare da kansa yana zaune a cikin yanki na kowa na zuciya; Bayan binciken, rigakafin cututtukan zuciya zai fara.
Alamomi da rigakafin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya a cikin karnuka
Mummunan ciwon zuciya yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da adadin tsutsotsi a cikin jiki (nauyin tsutsotsi), tsawon kamuwa da cuta da kuma lafiyar jikin karnuka. Yawan tsutsotsi a cikin jiki, tsawon lokacin kamuwa da cuta, mafi yawan aiki da ƙarfi da kare yake, kuma mafi bayyanar cututtuka. A Amurka, cutar tsutsar zuciya ta kasu zuwa maki hudu. Mafi girman matsayi, cutar ta fi tsanani.
Darasi na 1: alamun asymptomatic ko masu laushi, kamar tari na lokaci-lokaci.
Mataki na 2: Alamomi masu laushi zuwa matsakaici, kamar tari na lokaci-lokaci da gajiya bayan matsakaicin aiki.
Mataki na 3: ƙarin alamomi masu tsanani, kamar gajiya ta jiki, rashin lafiya, tari mai tsayi da gajiya bayan aiki mai laushi. Alamomin wahalar numfashi da gazawar zuciya sun zama ruwan dare. Don filariasis na zuciya na aji 2 da 3, ana ganin canje-canje a cikin zuciya da huhu akan haskoki na ƙirji.
Grade 4: wanda kuma aka sani da ciwon vena cava. Nauyin tsutsotsi yana da nauyi har jinin da ke komawa cikin zuciya yana toshewa da tarin tsutsotsi a cikin hanyoyin jini. Vena cava ciwo yana da haɗari ga rayuwa. Gyaran fiɗa cikin gaggawa na ciwon zuciya shine kawai zaɓin magani. Tiyata haɗari ne. Ko da tiyata ne, yawancin karnuka masu ciwon vena cava za su mutu a ƙarshe.
FDA ta amince cewa melassomine dihydrochloride (sunayen kasuwanci immicide da diroban) za a iya yin allurar don maganin tsutsotsin zuciya na Grade 1-3. Magungunan yana da babban sakamako masu illa, kuma gabaɗayan kuɗin jiyya yana da tsada. Ana buƙatar gwaje-gwaje akai-akai, X-ray da alluran ƙwayoyi. Don kawar da microfilariae, FDA ta amince da wani magani, fa'ida mai yawa ga karnuka (imidacloprid da moxikeding), wato "aiwalker".
A Amurka, duk magungunan da FDA ta amince da su don hana ciwon zuciya, magungunan likita ne, ciki har da digo da allunan baka da aka shafa a fata (Ewok, babban dabbar dabba, kare Xinbao, da dai sauransu), saboda maganin ciwon zuciya ba zai kashe babban ciwon zuciya ba, amma ciwon zuciya. Rigakafin karnuka masu kamuwa da tsutsar zuciya na manya na iya zama mai cutarwa ko mai kisa. Idan microfilaria yana cikin jinin kare, matakan rigakafi na iya haifar da mutuwar microfilaria kwatsam, haifar da girgiza kamar dauki da yiwuwar mutuwa. Don haka, wajibi ne a gudanar da gwajin rigakafin cututtukan zuciya a kowace shekara a ƙarƙashin jagora da shawarwarin likitoci. "Bauta Chong Shuang" maganin kwari ne mai kaifi. Ba ya kai tsaye ga microfilariae, amma yana ƙoƙarin guje wa cizon sauro da yanke layin watsawa daga tsakiya, wanda ya fi aminci.
Ainihin, rigakafin cututtukan zuciya yana da mahimmanci fiye da magani. Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga yanayin girma na tsutsotsin zuciya da aka kwatanta a sama, noman sauro shine mafi mahimmancin hanyar haɗin gwiwa. Ana iya tabbatar da lafiya ta hanyar yanke cizon sauro. Wannan zai fi kyau ga karnuka masu dogon gashi, yayin da karnuka masu gajeren gashi suna buƙatar ƙarin kulawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 23-2022