Duniya mai daskarewa - Farin Duniya

01 Launin Rayuwa Duniya

Tare da karuwar tauraron dan adam ko tashoshin sararin samaniya da ke yawo a sararin samaniya, ana sake mayar da karin hotuna na duniya. Sau da yawa muna kwatanta kanmu a matsayin duniyar shuɗi saboda kashi 70% na yankin duniya yana rufe da teku. Yayin da duniya ke dumi, yawan narkewar glaciers a Arewa da Kudancin Poles yana ƙaruwa, kuma matakan teku za su ci gaba da hauhawa, yana lalata filayen da ake da su. Nan gaba, yankin teku zai yi girma, kuma yanayin duniya zai zama mai rikitarwa. Wannan shekarar tana da zafi sosai, shekara ta gaba tana da sanyi sosai, shekarar da ta wuce ta bushe sosai, kuma shekara mai zuwa ta yi bala’i. Dukanmu mun ce ƙasa ba ta dace da mazaunin ɗan adam ba, amma a zahiri, wannan ƙaramin canji ne na duniya. Ta fuskar dokoki masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi na yanayi, ɗan adam ba komai bane.

Tare da karuwar tauraron dan adam ko tashoshin sararin samaniya da ke yawo a sararin samaniya, ana sake mayar da karin hotuna na duniya. Sau da yawa muna kwatanta kanmu a matsayin duniyar shuɗi saboda kashi 70% na yankin duniya yana rufe da teku. Yayin da duniya ke dumi, yawan narkewar glaciers a Arewa da Kudancin Poles yana ƙaruwa, kuma matakan teku za su ci gaba da hauhawa, yana lalata filayen da ake da su. Nan gaba, yankin teku zai yi girma, kuma yanayin duniya zai zama mai rikitarwa. Wannan shekarar tana da zafi sosai, shekara ta gaba tana da sanyi sosai, shekarar da ta wuce ta bushe sosai, kuma shekara mai zuwa ta yi bala’i. Dukanmu mun ce ƙasa ba ta dace da mazaunin ɗan adam ba, amma a zahiri, wannan ƙaramin canji ne na duniya. Ta fuskar dokoki masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi na yanayi, ɗan adam ba komai bane.

A cikin 1992, Joseph Kirschvink, farfesa a fannin ilimin geology a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California, ya fara amfani da kalmar "Snowball Earth", wanda daga baya ya samu goyon baya da inganta shi ta hanyar manyan masana kimiyyar kasa. Duniyar dusar ƙanƙara hasashe ce da ba za a iya tantance ta ba a halin yanzu, ana amfani da ita wajen kwatanta shekarun kankara mafi girma kuma mafi tsanani a tarihin duniya. Yanayin duniya ya kasance mai sarkakiya sosai, inda ma'aunin zafi a duniya ya kai -40-50 digiri Celsius, inda duniya ta yi sanyi sosai ta yadda saman ke da kankara kawai.

02 Rufin Kankara na Duniyar Ƙwallon Ƙwallon ƙafa

Ƙwallon ƙanƙara mai yiwuwa ya faru a cikin Neoproterozoic (kimanin shekaru biliyan 1-6 da suka wuce), na zamanin Proterozoic na Precambrian. Tarihin Duniya tsoho ne kuma yana da tsawo. An faɗi a baya cewa miliyoyin shekaru na tarihin ɗan adam kiftawar ido ne kawai ga Duniya. Sau da yawa muna tunanin cewa duniya ta yanzu tana da mahimmanci a ƙarƙashin canjin ɗan adam, amma a gaskiya, ba kome ba ne ga tarihin duniya da rayuwa. Zamanin Mesozoic, Archean, da Proterozoic (wanda aka fi sani da zamanin Cryptozoic, wanda ya mamaye kusan shekaru biliyan 4 na shekaru biliyan 4.6), da kuma lokacin Ediacaran a zamanin Neoproterozoic na zamanin Proterozoic lokaci ne na musamman na rayuwa a Duniya.

A lokacin duniyar ƙwallon ƙanƙara, ƙasa ta cika da dusar ƙanƙara da ƙanƙara, ba tare da teku ko ƙasa ba. A farkon wannan zamani, akwai yanki ɗaya kawai a duniya wanda ake kira supercontinent (Rodinia) kusa da equator, sauran yankin kuma teku ne. Lokacin da duniya ke cikin yanayi mai aiki, aman wuta na ci gaba da fashewa, karin duwatsu da tsibirai sun bayyana a saman teku, kuma yankin yana ci gaba da fadada. Carbon dioxide da dutsen mai aman wuta ke fitarwa ya lullube Duniya, yana haifar da tasirin greenhouse. Glaciers, kamar yanzu, sun ta'allaka ne a sandunan arewa da kudancin duniya, ba su iya rufe ƙasa kusa da equator. Yayin da ayyukan duniya ke daidaitawa, fashewar volcanic shima ya fara raguwa, kuma adadin carbon dioxide da ke cikin iska shima ya fara raguwa. Muhimmin mai ba da gudummawa ga ɗaukar carbon dioxide shine yanayin dutse. Bisa ga rabe-rabe na ma'adinai abun da ke ciki, duwatsu an yafi raba zuwa silicate duwatsu da kuma carbonate duwatsu. Duwatsun silicate suna ɗaukar yanayi na CO2 a lokacin yanayin sinadarai, sannan adana CO2 a cikin nau'in CaCO3, suna samar da ma'aunin yanayin yanayin lokacin girgizar carbon (> shekaru miliyan 1). Har ila yau, yanayin yanayi na dutsen carbonate na iya ɗaukar CO2 daga yanayi, yana samar da gajeren lokaci sikelin sikelin carbon (<100000 shekaru) a cikin hanyar HCO3-.

Wannan tsari ne mai kuzarin daidaita daidaito. Lokacin da adadin iskar carbon dioxide da yanayi na dutse ke sha ya zarce adadin hayakin da ke fitar da wuta, yawan iskar carbon dioxide a cikin sararin samaniya ya fara raguwa cikin sauri, har sai iskar gas ɗin ya ƙare gaba ɗaya kuma yanayin zafi ya fara raguwa. Gilashin da ke kan sanduna biyu na duniya sun fara yaduwa cikin yardar rai. Yayin da yankin glaciers ke ƙaruwa, ana samun ƙarin fararen wurare a saman duniya, kuma hasken rana yana haskakawa zuwa sararin samaniya ta wurin dusar ƙanƙara, yana ƙara tsananta yanayin raguwa da kuma hanzarta samuwar glaciers. Yawan sanyin glaciers yana ƙaruwa - ƙarin hasken rana yana nunawa - ƙarin sanyaya - ƙarin glaciers fari. A cikin wannan zagayowar, glaciers a duka sandunan biyu a hankali suna daskare dukkan tekuna, a ƙarshe sun warke a nahiyoyi da ke kusa da equator, kuma a ƙarshe sun samar da wata katuwar kankara mai kauri sama da mita 3000, ta naɗe duniya gaba ɗaya cikin ƙwallon ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara. . A wannan lokacin, tasirin tururin ruwa a duniya ya ragu sosai, kuma iska ta bushe sosai. Hasken rana ya haskaka duniya ba tare da tsoro ba, sannan kuma ya sake haskakawa. Ƙarfin hasken ultraviolet da yanayin sanyi ya sa ba zai yiwu kowace rayuwa ta wanzu a saman duniya ba. Masana kimiyya suna kiran Duniya sama da biliyoyin shekaru a matsayin "White Earth" ko "Snowball Earth"

03 Narkewar Duniyar Ƙwallon Ƙanƙara

A watan da ya gabata, lokacin da na yi magana da abokaina game da Duniya a cikin wannan lokacin, wani ya tambaye ni, 'Bisa ga wannan zagayowar, duniya ya kamata ta kasance daskarewa. Yaya aka narke daga baya?' Wannan ita ce babbar doka ta yanayi da kuma ikon gyara kai.

Yayin da duniya ke cike da ƙanƙara mai kauri har tsawon mita 3000, duwatsu da iska sun keɓe, kuma duwatsu ba za su iya ɗaukar carbon dioxide ta hanyar yanayi ba. Duk da haka, ayyukan Duniya da kanta na iya haifar da fashewar volcanic, a hankali yana sakin carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi. Bisa kididdigar da masana kimiyya suka yi, idan muna son dusar ƙanƙara a kan Snowball Duniya ta narke, yawan ƙwayar carbon dioxide yana buƙatar zama kusan sau 350 na halin yanzu a duniya, wanda ya kai fiye da 13% na dukan yanayi (yanzu 0.03%), kuma wannan tsarin haɓaka yana da sannu a hankali. Ya ɗauki kimanin shekaru miliyan 30 kafin yanayin duniya ya tara isassun iskar carbon dioxide da methane, wanda ya haifar da tasiri mai ƙarfi. Gilashin dusar ƙanƙara sun fara narkewa, nahiyoyin da ke kusa da equator sun fara fallasa ƙanƙara. Ƙasar da aka fallasa ta fi duhu duhu fiye da ƙanƙara, tana ɗaukar ƙarin zafin rana da kuma fara amsa mai kyau. Yanayin zafin duniya ya ƙara ƙaruwa, glaciers ya ƙara raguwa, yana nuna ƙarancin hasken rana, da fallasa ƙarin duwatsu, ƙara yawan zafi, a hankali ya haifar da koguna marasa daskarewa… kuma duniya ta fara farfadowa!

A watan da ya gabata, lokacin da na yi magana da abokaina game da Duniya a cikin wannan lokacin, wani ya tambaye ni, 'Bisa ga wannan zagayowar, duniya ya kamata ta kasance daskarewa. Yaya aka narke daga baya?' Wannan ita ce babbar doka ta yanayi da kuma ikon gyara kai.

Yayin da duniya ke cike da ƙanƙara mai kauri har tsawon mita 3000, duwatsu da iska sun keɓe, kuma duwatsu ba za su iya ɗaukar carbon dioxide ta hanyar yanayi ba. Duk da haka, ayyukan Duniya da kanta na iya haifar da fashewar volcanic, a hankali yana sakin carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi. Bisa kididdigar da masana kimiyya suka yi, idan muna son dusar ƙanƙara a kan Snowball Duniya ta narke, yawan ƙwayar carbon dioxide yana buƙatar zama kusan sau 350 na halin yanzu a duniya, wanda ya kai fiye da 13% na dukan yanayi (yanzu 0.03%), kuma wannan tsarin haɓaka yana da sannu a hankali. Ya ɗauki kimanin shekaru miliyan 30 kafin yanayin duniya ya tara isassun iskar carbon dioxide da methane, wanda ya haifar da tasiri mai ƙarfi. Gilashin dusar ƙanƙara sun fara narkewa, nahiyoyin da ke kusa da equator sun fara fallasa ƙanƙara. Ƙasar da aka fallasa ta fi duhu duhu fiye da ƙanƙara, tana ɗaukar ƙarin zafin rana da kuma fara amsa mai kyau. Yanayin zafin duniya ya ƙara ƙaruwa, glaciers ya ƙara raguwa, yana nuna ƙarancin hasken rana, da fallasa ƙarin duwatsu, ƙara yawan zafi, a hankali ya haifar da koguna marasa daskarewa… kuma duniya ta fara farfadowa!

Rukuni na dokokin halitta da ilimin halittu na duniya ya zarce fahimtarmu da tunanin ɗan adam. Haɓakar yanayin CO2 na yanayi yana haifar da ɗumamar yanayi, kuma yanayin zafi yana haɓaka yanayin sinadarai na duwatsu. Adadin CO2 da aka sha daga sararin samaniya shima yana ƙaruwa, ta haka yana hana saurin haɓakar yanayin yanayi na CO2 kuma yana haifar da sanyayawar duniya, yana samar da hanyar mayar da martani mara kyau. A gefe guda kuma, lokacin da yanayin zafi a duniya ya yi ƙasa, ƙarfin yanayin yanayin sinadarai kuma yana kan ƙananan matakin, kuma saurin ɗaukar yanayi na CO2 yana da iyaka. Sakamakon haka, CO2 da ke fitar da ayyukan volcanic da metamorphism na dutse na iya tarawa, yana haɓaka haɓakar duniya zuwa ga ɗumama da kuma hana zafin duniya yin ƙasa da ƙasa.

Wannan canjin da ake auna shi a cikin biliyoyin shekaru, ba abu ne da dan Adam zai iya sarrafa shi ba. A matsayinmu na talakawan dabi'a, abin da ya kamata mu yi shi ne mu dace da yanayi da kuma bin dokokinta, maimakon canza dabi'a ko lalata dabi'a. Kare muhalli da son rayuwa shi ne ya kamata kowane dan Adam ya yi, in ba haka ba za mu fuskanci bacewa.